Dr Howard Williamson is Professor of European Youth Policy in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom.  He previous worked at the Universities of Oxford, Cardiff and Copenhagen, as well as being a practising youth worker for over 20 years.  He has contributed to youth policy development in Wales, the UK and across the countries of the European Union and the Council of Europe. He is currently a member of the Youth Justice Board.  He has published extensively on a range of youth questions, especially concerning social exclusion, including The Milltown Boys Revisited (Berg 2004), a follow-up study of a group of men he first met 25 years earlier when they were young offenders in the mid-1970s.  He was appointed CBE in the New Year’s Honours 2002 for services to young people.